Assessment of spatial transferability of an activity-based model,TASHA

Spatial transferability has been recognized as a useful validation test for travel demand models. To date, however, transferability of activity-based models has not been frequently assessed. This paper assesses the spatial transferability of an activity-based model, TASHA (Travel Activity Scheduler for Household Agents), which has been developed for the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada. TASHA has been transferred to the context of the Island of Montreal, Canada using the 2003 Origin–Destination (O–D) travel survey and the 2001 Canadian Census. It generates daily schedules of activities (individual and joint) for each individual in this region. The modelled activity attributes (frequency, start time, duration and distance) from TASHA and observed attributes from the 2003 O–D travel survey are compared for five different activities (i.e. work, school, shopping, other, and return to home). At the aggregate level, TASHA provides quite reasonable outcomes (in some cases – better results than for the Toronto Area) for all four attributes for work, school and return to home activities with few exceptions (for instance, school start time). The model outcomes are also promising for shopping frequency and start times; however, TASHA provides larger differences for average shopping durations and distances. Only the forecasts for all four attributes for the ‘other’ activity type differ greatly with the observed attributes for the Montreal Island. These large differences most likely indicate the differences in behaviour between the Montreal Island and the Toronto Area. In general, we conclude that re-estimation of model parameters and the use of local activity attribute distributions (frequency, start time and duration) is a desirable step in the transfer of the TASHA model from one context to another.     

Extending Time to Collision for probabilistic reasoning in general traffic scenarios

Vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems allow vehicles to share state information with one another to improve safety and efficiency of transportation networks. One of the key applications of such a system is in the prediction and avoidance of collisions between vehicles. If a method to do this is to succeed it must be robust to measurement uncertainty and to loss of communication links. The method should also be general enough that it does not rely on constraints on vehicle motion for the accuracy of its predictions. It should work for all interactions between vehicles and not just a select subset. This paper presents a method to calculate Time to Collision for unconstrained vehicle motion. This metric is gated using a novel technique based on relative vehicle motion that we call “looming”. Finally, these ideas are integrated into a probabilistic framework that accounts for uncertainty in vehicle state and loss of vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Together this work represents a new way of considering vehicle collision estimation. These algorithms are validated on data collected from real world vehicle trials.     

潜器全方向推进器的研究

概述了全方向推进器工作的基本原理以及研究开发全方向推进器的意义;介绍了国内外针对全方向推进器的研究的现状以及哈尔滨工程大学在全方向推进器的研究方面所作的工作;给出了哈工大的定常和非定常状态下的理论计算结果,以及与日本三菱重工的试验值所作的比较;提出了两种新型全方向推进器调距机构的试验模型.     

船舶推进轴系冲击特性试验研究

文章对船舶推进轴系冲击特性进行试验研究.为了和理论模型相比较,设计、制作了轴系试验模型,进行了轴系固有频率测试和冲击试验研究.冲击试验测试值与理论预估值基本一致,验证了轴系冲击动力学理论模型的可靠性和适用性.     

多成份缆索静力特性测量及调整

针对一工作水深为160m的转塔式FPSO的系泊缆索,研究了在空气中测量和调整多成份系泊缆索静力特性的方法,并在模型试验水池中测量了经过调整的系泊缆索的静力特性,其结果与期望值符合程度令人满意.因此,可认为采用此法测量及调整多成分缆索的静力特性是适宜的.     

二维扁卵形体近壁面水动力干扰实验

对长度-厚度比为7.0的二维扁卵形体近平壁面运动的水动力特性进行了研究.拖曳水池试验选择了六种不同的壁面间距,五个攻角状态,将卵形体模型安装在U形槽中,保证流场的二维特性.Reynolds数范围从5×105到2×106.根据无界流实验结果,在数据处理中消除测力天平的安装角误差.给出了水动力系数相对于间距、攻角的回归公式,并划分了三个典型的干扰区域:升力区、混合区、阻塞区.实验表明:即使对于钝尾物体,也存在类似机翼的升力效应,无界流中扁卵形体的升力线斜率小于二维平板机翼的相应值.当物体离壁面较远时,水动力系数随攻角线性变化,壁面影响随间距减小而增大;当物体离壁面很近时,出现排斥现象,水动力系数随攻角的变化呈非线性特征.与其它参数相比,在大部分试验状态下,运动速度对水动力系数的影响较小.     

Vehicle response-based track geometry assessment using multi-body simulation

The assessment of the geometry of railway tracks is an indispensable requirement for safe rail traffic. Defects which represent a risk for the safety of the train have to be identified and the necessary measures taken. According to current standards, amplitude thresholds are applied to the track geometry parameters measured by recording cars. This geometry-based assessment has proved its value but suffers from the low correlation between the geometry parameters and the vehicle reactions. Experience shows that some defects leading to critical vehicle reactions are underestimated by this approach. The use of vehicle responses in the track geometry assessment process allows identifying critical defects and improving the maintenance operations. This work presents a vehicle response-based assessment method using multi-body simulation. The choice of the relevant operation conditions and the estimation of the simulation uncertainty are outlined. The defects are identified from exceedances of track geometry and vehicle response parameters. They are then classified using clustering methods and the correlation with vehicle response is analysed. The use of vehicle responses allows the detection of critical defects which are not identified from geometry parameters.     

地铁明挖车站-市政桥梁合建结构的关键技术研究

地铁明挖车站和市政桥梁合建时,为同时满足2种不同类型构筑物的安全和使用功能要求,需对其中的关键技术难题进行分析研究,以采取合理可行的结构形式。依托成都地铁白佛桥明挖车站与其上部市政桥梁的建设,总结国内类似工程经验,根据工程特点确定桥梁承台与地铁车站顶板进行固结连接,桥梁跨度与地铁车站框架柱跨进行匹配,同时桥墩避开地铁车站端头井、换乘节点等复杂结构受力区域进行布设; 建立三维荷载-结构模型,计算分析上部桥梁荷载对地铁车站结构构件内力及变形的影响,并根据计算结果,对桥墩影响范围内的车站顶底板和侧墙的厚度及配筋进行增强,桥墩轴线下方的地铁车站框架柱采用型钢-混凝土组合结构,以满足合建结构的承载能力、变形、裂缝控制等要求。另外,选取LS-DYNA软件,采用非线性时程分析法对合建结构进行抗震计算分析,计算结果显示： 车站板、墙、梁等构件在支座处出现应力集中现象,各结构构件的承载力强度及变形均满足规范要求。     

考虑结构面黏聚力损伤变化的洞室块体稳定分析

为研究隧道开挖过程中临空面块体的稳定情况,进一步探究在其结构面具有胶结强度情况下块体的稳定性,运用黏聚力模型模拟具有填充和胶结的结构面的抗拉强度和黏聚强度,以及相应的滑移和脱开行为。选取甘肃北山某典型花岗岩研究区域搜索出的块体,以及获得的结构面参数区间,分4种方案研究块体的稳定性,同时考虑初始地应力、开挖诱导的二次地应力等因素的影响。方案1赋予抗拉强度和黏聚强度一个很小的数值,从而可以分析块体仅受结构面摩擦应力影响下的稳定性;方案2、3、4分别考虑不同位置的块体可能的失稳情况,通过调整不同块体结构面的抗拉强度和黏聚强度,分析块体稳定性。分析结果表明： 黏聚力模型能较好地模拟具有填充和胶结的结构面的抗拉强度和黏聚强度,并且能模拟结构面的滑移和脱开行为,可作为块体稳定性分析计算的工具;此外,也为模拟胶结结构面损伤随时间的渐进性发展提供一个新思路。     

集成GIS/BIM的盾构隧道全寿命管理系统研究

为解决在盾构隧道工程中,地理信息系统（GIS）标准缺失和建筑信息模型（BIM）分析功能薄弱的问题,在分析GIS的数据管理和BIM的数据标准基础上,建立集成GIS/BIM的盾构隧道全寿命期管理系统。首先,概括总结系统采用的技术路线; 其次,基于IFC标准扩展统一的盾构隧道信息模型,涵盖盾构隧道地质、结构、线路、施工、监测和病害等数据; 然后,介绍系统信息的关联,包括隧道编码、GIS和BIM的集成方案; 最后,以上海地铁盾构隧道为依托,描述系统在工程全寿命期的应用,包括隧道地质勘察、结构设计、运营监测和养护维护等阶段。该系统制定了统一信息模型,方便数据交换和管理,在信息模型基础上实现了信息可视化与不同分析功能,提高了盾构隧道的全寿命数字化管理水平。